Henrik Ibsen, a Norwegian playwright, produced the three act play Ghosts on December 13, 1881. The play proved to be a real uproar with its publication. He, who earned fame, also faced criticism for his daring move of producing the play that was going to discuss incest in a family on the literary stage. The work was to investigate into what was going on under the cover of relationship. When the play begins, Engstrang is shown talking to Regina. But the real issue unravels through the conversation of Pastor Manders and Mrs. Alving. Mrs. Alving is the widow of Mr. Alving who is dead. Mr. Alving spent the life of dissipations, having many illicit sexual relations with so many women, while he was living. Oswald, Mrs. Alving and late Mr. Alving’s only son, despite Mrs. Alving’s efforts, has inherited the traits of his father. Oswald develops sexual relationship with Regina, who is the illegitimate daughter of Mr. Alving and Johanna, though he is unknown about the truth that he is her half brother. Later, he comes to know about the truth of his relation with her, but he has got an addiction to her, and he cannot stay without her. He demands Regina for his salvation, but Regina’s awkward position compels her leave the house. Oswald’s excitement makes him obsessed and demands ‘last services’ from his mother. Henrik Ibsen had undertaken a great risk in discussing incest among relatives in a family. It brought him nasty words, biased criticism and the most unexpected ban on the play for 25 years. The subject matter was against the morality of civil society, however, Ibsen did not stagger rather he boldly discussed it. He knew that everything was not alright in family and society. Either by force or by fondness, in some families, this was going on. It was a kind of modern disease that was shaking the foundation of sanctity and credibility of a relation. Unfortunately, his purpose and message were misquoted and misinterpreted. Despite all adverse situations, he emerged and his play was recognized world wide.
Assistant Professor, Department of English, K.B. Women's College, V.B. University, Hazaribag
